CBT helps people notice the links between environmental triggers, negative thoughts, intense feelings, physical changes and unhelpful behaviour. Provides a method for challenging negative thoughts and thereby reducing intense feelings and changing behaviour. It is usually offered to people who are anxious and/or depressed. See CBT on www.nhs.uk for further information. 

CAT is used where a person finds themselves trapped in repetitive self limiting or destructive patterns in their day to day lives and relationships which maintains their unhappiness. This is usually provided in a 16 session package. See www.acat.me.uk for further information. 

This is a powerful and effective method for addressing and resolving psychological trauma that is causing ongoing distress. It uses eye movements whilst thinking about the past traumas experienced which enables your natural automatic adaptive corrective processing to become freed up so that this psychological adjustment can happen and resolve the trauma.  See www.emdrassociation.org.uk for further information. 

Mentalisation Based Therapy aims to help people develop their capacity to recognise, name, understand and cope with their feelings when they become highly distressed/ emotional, find it difficult to be in control, react calmly and rationally. It is based on the broad notion that past disruptions in early attachment relationships e.g. with parents, have led to difficulties managing emotionally challenging experiences.The therapeutic principles and techniques are very useful in 1:1 work which aim to help the individual clearly understand how they are reacting in day to day situations and how best to cope with them. 

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy was developed to help people who experience extreme emotions and often find themselves in a crisis with urges to suicide or self harm, develop coping skills, regain control, manage their urges to self harm and improve their quality of life. Weekly 1:1 sessions are provided in which the client is expected to discuss instances where their target problems arise, with a view to identifying the causal chain which has triggered them, to discuss which of the coping skills can be used to tackle them so that they can use these in practice when the target problem next arises. The broad aim is to gain emotional control and thereby avoid being in crisis, thus allowing the individual to focus on their day to day lives. 

Mindfulness refers to being present in the here and now and fully engaged with whatever you are doing in the moment. And free from distraction or judgmental thoughts, whilst being aware of our thoughts and feelings without getting caught up in them. We can train ourselves to be in this in moment-to-moment awareness with regular practice (mindfulness exercises) which helps us be mindful more of the time, which is particularly helpful when faced with challenging circumstances, situations and  psychological distress. Mindfulness has been found to be enhance the effectiveness of established therapies such as CBT and is widely used.